La vegetariana – di Han Kang

 

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Il romanzo della scrittrice sud-coreana Han Kang, La vegetariana, (Adelphi 2016), apparso per la prima volta nel 2007, vincitore del (meritatissimo) premio Man Booker International  Prize 2016, è da poco sugli scaffali delle librerie italiane

Misteriosa e selvatica è l’atmosfera che pervade ogni pagina di questo atipico romanzo, complice una scrittura compita e potente al tempo stesso, come i movimenti della danza butoh, fatti di forze trattenute e di esplosioni suggerite.  Protagonista è Yang-hye la tipica “acqua cheta”, piatta, dozzinale, al limite della sciatteria.  Almeno, tale ci appare nella impietosa descrizione che ne fa il marito agli esordi: donna devota al focolare, ai rituali di una vita di coppia priva di passioni,accondiscendente ed umile negli atteggiamenti, nell’abbigliamento, a parte un particolare scabroso: l’abitudine di non portare il reggiseno, unico elemento di “disturbo” di questo quadro familiare.

Ma, come ogni acqua cheta che si rispetti, Yang-hye nasconde un abisso, un sottosuolo interiore che emerge gradualmente sconvolgendo le vite di tre famiglie e la loro routine piccolo-borghese. Tutto ha inizio quando la donna decide di diventare vegetariana. É il primo stadio di una trasformazione fisica e interiore che a prima vista appare come una scelta dietetica, una moda, un diversivo salutista. In realtà, la scelta di Yeong-hye nasconde un intento ancora più drastico: diventare una pianta.

La storia di questa donna si può sintetizzare in questo processo di vegetalizzazione che coinvolgerà i familiari e coloro che appartengono alla sfera dei suoi affetti, costretti  a prendere atto di questa metamorfosi autoimposta. Da una parte, la sorella In-Hye, addolorata e impotente; dall’altra, chi la prenderà come una novità che risveglia istinti sopiti, come suo cognato, un artista in declino che ritrova nell’anima “floreale” della nuova Yeong-hye, una sensualità prorompente e inevitabile. “Sarà pazza? Malata? ” Si chiedono i familiari imperterriti. Tutti hanno un’ipotesi, una diagnosi e una cura. Ad ogni modo questa metamorfosi è il sintomo di un trauma sublimato, antiche violenze paterne che devono essere “espulse” insieme al sangue e alla carne. La psiche di Yeong-hye si trova esattamente in quel confine periclitante tra ragione e pulsione, tra reale e onirico. Le visioni che determinano la scelta vegetariana, sono popolate da corpi dilaniati, scenette truculente, sventramenti: “ho fatto un sogno” […] ho del sangue in bocca[…] mi sono ficcata in bocca quella massa cruda e rossa, l’ho sentita premere contro le gengive e il palato.” Ecco l’inizio della fine

La rinuncia della “carne” corrisponde ad un rifiuto della violenza e ad un rafforzamento dell’identità di Yeong-hye. Dicendo no alla carne, si impone come presenza che rifiuta. Questo, anzitutto sconvolge l’esistenza del gretto marito, abituato al rituale della donna servile e obbediente, e poi quella del padre, perfetta incarnazione del padre padrone uso alla violenza e alla sopraffazione. Saranno loro le prime vittime di questa “donna in rivolta” che usa il cibo come strumento di emancipazione e di manipolazione del proprio corpo. Sempre più magra ed emaciata, comincia via via ad assumere sembianze non umane: la “vegetalizzazione” è quasi completa.

Il percorso di liberazione parte dalle sovrastrutture – essere madre, donna, culturalmente connotata, socialmente accettabile-. Poi passa al corpo, non più carne, non più sangue, non più “persona”, ma soltanto pianta bisognosa di acqua e ossigeno. Il desiderio, quello di ancorarsi al bosco, alla natura, alle foglie lambite dai raggi del sole, è più violento di quanto possa sembrare. Con la sua prepotente vitalità, desidera ardentemente piantare le sue radici alla terra, diventare simbolo forte di una essenza imperturbabile, più forte dello stesso istinto di sopravvivenza. Un femminino che riemerge dalle maglie di una cultura patriarcale:

In quale altra dimensione può essere passata l’anima di Yeong-hye, dopo essersi scrollata di dosso la sua carne come un serpente che cambia la pelle? Aveva scambiato il pavimento di cemento dell’ospedale per la soffice terra dei boschi?  il suo corpo si era trasformato in un tronco robusto, con bianche radici che le spuntavano dalle mani e si ancoravano al suolo nero? Le sue gambe si erano allungate in alto, verso il cielo, mentre le braccia spingevano fino al nucleo stesso della Terra, con la schiena rigida e tesa a sostenere quella duplice crescita?

La donna- albero, è diventata un essere ad una dimensione esente da ogni responsabilità, da ogni peccato. In questo processo di “scarnificazione”, sono i “carnivori”, ad essere costretti a ripensarsi: gli sguardi maschili su di lei, quelli che l’hanno narrata nel romanzo, di colpo scompaiono, sopraffatti e storditi. Non potendo più esercitare il loro controllo, si ritrovano come anime marce, che non hanno saputo o voluto intravedere l’abisso tanto speciale di questa donna, non hanno ceduto, come dice il marito “alla tentazione di guardarsi dentro”.  Di fronte ad un albero, le vuote maschere dei suoi “cari” sono costretti a prendere atto di un mistero che sanno soltanto definire “follia”. Di fronte ad una albero, invece,  ci si dovrebbe invece inchinare, o pregare, o meditare.

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